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29 octubre 2014

LA ISLA MÍNIMA DE ATÍN AYA

Estos días se celebra en España la Fiesta del Cine con entradas a precios populares.  La Isla Mínima es una de las películas más demandadas por un público que queda maravillado por su exquisita fotografía que se inspira en los trabajos de Atín Aya. En Enseñ-arte nos adentramos en la obra de este fotógrafo sevillano que utilizó las Marismas del Guadalquivir como fondo sobre el que retratar realidades.

Las Marismas del Guadalquivir, como una especie de Venecia sin fin, de edificios invisibles y asfalto ausente, dibujan con sus canales un paisaje laberíntico, húmedo, de fango y juncos, casi asfixiante en el que la presencia humana se intuye presente pero no quiere dejarse ver. Un entorno donde la tierra y el mar se dan la mano para crear un paraje singular con unas posibilidades artísticas impresionantes. Buena cuenta de ello han dado el cineasta Alberto Rodríguez y su director de fotografía Alex Catalán en el magnífico thriller La Isla Mínima. Los planos cenitales con los que se abre la película o las escenas rodadas en interminables caminos flanqueados por un agua casi estancada convierten a las marismas en un personaje más del film. Así como Fargo de los hermanos Cohen no se entiende sin la nieve, la Isla Mínima perdería su genialidad si se alejara de estas tierras inundables. 

Pero antes que Rodríguez y Catalán, Atín Aya ya supo captar con su cámara el alma de este paisaje. Este fotógrafo nacido en Sevilla trabajó durante muchos años como reportero gráfico para diferentes publicaciones e instituciones. Combinó el fotoperiodismo con la fotografía artística en la que irremediablemte acabó metiéndose de lleno. 


A comienzos de la década de los noventa Atín Aya aterrizó en las Marismas del Guadalquivir dispuesto a escribir en negativos la condición humana de este territorio. Y lo consiguió. Con su cámara retrató una realidad carente de artificios, sin maquillajes, un mundo sin caras B. Una dosis de veracidad encerrada en una imagen. Las fachadas se derrumban con los disparos del fotógrafo. Los personajes, que parecen no querer contar demasiado, terminan relatando, casi a modo de confesión, sus historias vitales al objetivo Aya. En los fotogramas se escucha hablar de la dureza del trabajo bajo el sol en la marisma, de siembra y de siega, de deudas, de escuela, de amores... de vida. Una vida de una clase obrera de jornal, de huelga y de verbena de verano que sabe salir adelante sin acaparar miradas poderosas. Parece que Aya quiera rescatarlos de un olvido en el que están acostumbrados a moverse.

Y cuando se trata de fotografiar paisajes la descripción veraz sigue siendo la premisa. Las aguas -que se entienden verdes en el blanco y negro de la imagen- permanecen inmóviles, las hierbas crecen altas y el fango quiere manchar los zapatos del caminante. El lado desértico de una zona bien regada por río y mar también se deja ver por las fotografías. La humedad sofocante, aliada tanto con el calor como con el frío, dirige esta orquesta de la naturaleza que se viste en tonos pardos. Sin duda el paisaje tiene mucho que ver con la idiosincrasia de esta tierra. Y el fotógrafo lo sabe y quiere captarlo. 




Las imágenes de las marismas cautivan. Quizás lo hacen porque cada fotografía es una pieza de un estudio antropológico de una sociedad singular, muy cercana en distancia pero alejada en muchos otros planos. Aya nos propone un tour entre arrozales para conocer a la gente que habita el antiguo estuario del Guadalquivir. El paseo se antoja similar al visionado de un documental sobre otras culturas. Hay algo diferente en esa tierra y nos gusta que alguien nos lo muestre.


Alberto Rodríguez y Alex Catalán se quedaron atrapados en la obra de Aya y supieron adaptarla, con una visión particular, a la gran pantalla. Cada plano parece sacado de los carretes del fotógrafo sevillano. Un trabajo sublime por parte de esta dupla de cineastas. 



La faceta artística de Atín Aya no sólo se circunscribió a las marismas. También retrató su ciudad en dos grandes series fotográficas: “Imágenes de la Maestranza y “Sevillanos”. En “Paisanos” reflejó la realidad rural de Andalucía y con “Habaneros” puso su objetivo en Cuba.  Expuso su obra en Sevilla, Madrid, Barcelona y Nueva York y consiguió el Primer Premio  en el apartado de Cultura y Espectáculos de Fotopress. Falleció en 2007 dejándonos un impresionante legado que hoy podemos conocer a través de la página web que gestionan sus herederos. Para adentrarnos de lleno en su trabajo a orillas del Guadalquivir convine ver este video en la que se recopila su obra en las marismas. Y por supuesto, acudir al cine para disfrutar con La Isla Mínima es, para los amantes de la fotografía, tarea de obligado cumplimiento. 

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    El trabajo que realizas es excelente. Tu bloc es de mucha calidad y espero que encuentres recompensado el gran esfuerzo que debe suponer elaborar un compendio de recursos tan completo. A mí, personalmente, me parece excepcional y de gran utilidad en las aulas.

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